处理Oracle RMAN-06023或RMAN-06025

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[oracle@vrh8 ~]$ oerr rman 6023
6023, 1, "no backup or copy of datafile %d found to restore"
// *Cause:  A datafile, tablespace, or database restore could not proceed
//          because no backup or copy of the indicated file was found.
//          It may be the case that a backup or copy of this file exists but
//          does not satisfy the criteria specified in the user's restore
//          operands.
// *Action: None - this is an informational message.  See message 6026 for
//          further details.
[oracle@vrh8 ~]$ oerr rman 6025
6025, 1, "no backup of log thread %d seq %d lowscn %s found to restore"
// *Cause:  An archive log restore restore could not proceed
//          because no backup of the indicated archived log was found.
//          It may be the case that a backup of this file exists but
//          does not satisfy the criteria specified in the user's restore
//          operands.
// *Action: None - this is an informational message.  See message 6026 for
//          further details.

适用于：
Oracle Database – Enterprise Edition – Version 9.0.1.0 and later
本文信息适用于任何平台。
症状
你收到以下错误：
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 19684 and starting SCN of 1483914453 found to restore
OR
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore
原因
当无法识别备份文件是归档日志文件(RMAN-06025)还是数据文件(RMAN-06023)，这些错误由RMAN返回。
解决方案
1. 使用RMAN连接到你运行还原所在的实例(或在运行RMAN复制时的目标)并发出：
RMAN-06025: 无归档日志的备份…….
RMAN> list backup of archivelog sequence <sequence# returned by error>;
例如：
RMAN> list backup of archivelog sequence 19684;
RMAN-06023: 无数据文件的备份……
RMAN> list backup of datafile <number returned by the error>;
例如:
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
2. 如果没有返回的备份：
a. 查看你是否应连接到一个目录。
b. 如果没有使用的目录，你需要对包含文件（归档日志或数据文件）的备份创建目录。要这么做，执行：
RMAN> catalog start with ‘/location of backup/’ noprompt;
如果备份在磁带，查看：
Note 550082.1 How to Catalog Tape Backup Pieces
c. 考虑还原一个包含备份信息的控制文件。
3. 如果RMAN返回了备份信息：
a. 查看备份的状态是否可用。
例如：
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;

List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
——- —- — ———- ———– ———— —————
291 Full 1.06G DISK 00:00:15 27-JUL-15
BP Key: 292 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150727T144532
Piece Name: /u01/oradata/V1124/d8qd3psc_1_1

b. 对于数据文件，查看备份中的数据文件的Ckp SCN/Ckp Time是否在还原/复制所指定的until之前：
例如：
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
——- —- — ———- ———– ———— ——————–
291 Full 1.06G DISK 00:00:15 27-JUL-2015 14:45:47
BP Key: 292 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150727T144532
Piece Name: /u01/oradata/V1124/d8qd3psc_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 291

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
—- — —- ———- ——————– —-
4 Full 59195530 27-JUL-2015 14:45:32 /u01/oradata/V1124/users01.dbf

c. 查看你想要使用的备份是否在CURRENT incarnation中。
例如：
RMAN> list incarnation;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
——- ——- ——– —————- — ———- ———-
1 1 V1124 82280094 PARENT 1 19-JUN-2015 10:31:58
2 2 V1124 82280094 CURRENT 59448598 29-JUL-2015 12:45:27

在这个情况下，显然27-JUL-2015的备份未在CURRENT incarnation, Reset Time=29-JUL-2015。要还原数据文件4的备份，必须要重置incarnation。
例如：
RMAN> reset database to incarnation 1;
database reset to incarnation 1
RMAN> list incarnation;
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
——- ——- ——– —————- — ———- ———-
1 1 V1124 82280094 CURRENT 1 19-JUN-2015 10:31:58
2 2 V1124 82280094 ORPHAN 59448598 29-JUL-2015 12:45:27

注意: 如果你的归档日志文件获得 ‘specification does not match any archive log..’ ，这就略有不同。该错误表示控制文件不知道现有的archivelog file vs backup。参阅 Note 869671.1 RMAN List / Delete error with “specification does not match any archive log…”